Biography Of Prabowo Subianto
Prabowo, born in Jakarta on 17
October 1951, is son of renowned economist Sumitro Djojohadikusumo (1917-2001).
After high school, Prabowo decided to pursue a military career and enrolled in
Indonesia's Military Academy in Magelang (Central Java) between 1970 and 1974.
He quickly passed through the ranks of the army and became Commandant of the
Special Command Force General (Kopassus) and was later appointed as head of the
Army Strategic Reserve Command (Kostrad). However, in the late 1990s the regime
of president Suharto, Prabowo's father in law, starting to crumble until its
collapse in 1998. Based on witness accounts of Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie
(Indonesia's third president) and retired army officer Sintong Panjaitan, Prabowo
attempted a (failed) coup when he positioned his army units close to the house
of then president Habibie, shortly after the fall of Suharto.
Prabowo is a highly
controversial figure in Indonesia. He is regarded as a human rights violator
when he was stationed in East Timur to crush the East Timorese independence
movement in the early 1990s. Reputedly, Prabowo was also behind the kidnappings
and disappearance of various pro-democracy activists in 1998, when many people
took the streets of Jakarta and other cities in Indonesia to demand for
democracy. His weak reputation in terms of human rights can be used by his
political opponents on the road towards the Indonesian presidential elections.
After the fall of the Suharto
regime, Prabowo was discharged from the military and went into a voluntary
exile in Jordan. But a few years later, he came back to Indonesia and entered
politics. In 2004, Prabowo wanted to participate in the presidential elections
by becoming Golkar's nominee (Golkar is one of the largest political parties of
Indonesia and was the political vehicle of former president Suharto during his
authoritarian regime). However, that position went to another former military
officer, Wiranto. Prabowo then decided to establish his own political vehicle,
the Great Indonesia Movement Party (Gerindra), which participated in the
elections of 2009. The party did not get enough votes in order to nominate a
presidential candidate and therefore Prabowo decided to run as vice
presidential candidate to Megawati Soekarnoputri, daughter of Indonesia's first
president Sukarno.
However, the two lost to the Yudhoyono-Boediono pair.
Being closely connected to the
former authoritarian
New Order regime and often mentioned as a human rights violator, it may
surprise some that Prabowo enjoys popularity and even leads various surveys that
measure people's support for specific presidential candidates. The answer is
that many Indonesians want a strong leader as they are disappointed in Susilo
Bambang Yudhoyono's performance. The latter is regarded having acted weak in
some issues regarding religious violence or discrimination and failed to tackle
corruption within political circles (in fact within his own party a number of
sensitive corruption cases emerged). Prabowo is also known as a highly
nationalistic person, while many Indonesians feel that Yudhoyono's political
and economic agenda is too much influenced by foreign institutions (such as the
IMF or World Bank).
There are no recent official
documents regarding the wealth of Prabowo but, based on a document that was
released in 2009, the wealth of Prabowo is estimated to be around IDR 1.7
trillion (USD $172 million, using today's exchange rate). The younger brother
of Prabowo, Hashim Djojohadikusumo, is the 39th richest person in Indonesia
according to Forbes magazine in 2012, with an estimated wealth amounting to USD
$750 million. The brothers were beneficiaries of Suharto's patronage system. In
this system, a small inner circle around Suharto was able to establish large
business empires. Up to the present, wealth is an important factor in Indonesian
politics as people can buy political support through money-politics.
However, there is one outsider
who forms a potential threat to Prabowo Subianto's leading position in the
surveys. Incumbent governor of Jakarta, Joko Widodo (perhaps more known as
Jokowi), enjoys much popular support for his style of governance (his closeness
to the people and reformist nature). Research conducted by the Indonesian
Institute of Sciences (Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, abbreviated
LIPI), released on 30 June 2013, indicates that, if Jokowi would participate in
the 2014 elections, it would upset the current polling results. However,
despite his popularity, it remains unknown whether Jokowi will participate. Up
to this day, he has denied any intention of joining the race, instead focusing
on his position as governor of Jakarta.
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